虛擬化系統主要可分為全虛擬化與半虛擬化兩種，前者是安裝在原本作業系統之上，如
VMware Server；而後者則直接安裝在伺服器上、不須架構在一般作業系統上，像Citrix XenServer、VMware ESX等。兩者相較，半虛擬化的效能比較佳，因此在實務上，也都是以此建置虛擬化系統。開放虛擬化格式(Open Virtualization Format,OVF) 是 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. 提供的封裝標準，其設計目的是要協助移植和部署虛擬裝置。
參考網站：
- ovf
- Sample ovftool command syntax to export, deploy, and 1-step export and deploy packages in vCenter Server (1038709)
- VMware products and their virtual hardware version
- VMware 产品及其虚拟硬件版本
shell> vmware -vl
VMware ESXi 5.0.0 build-469512
VMware ESXi 5.0.0 GA
VMware ESXi 6.0.0 build-3620759
VMware ESXi 6.0.0 Update 2
open-vm-tools
shell> vmware-toolbox-cmd help
shell> vmware-toolbox-cmd -v
shell> vmware-toolbox-cmd timesync status
shell> vmware-toolbox-cmd timesync enable
shell> vmware-toolbox-cmd timesync disable
shell> vmware-checkvm
參考網站：
vmware-manager - utility to manage VMware virtual machines
VMware OVF Tool
OVFTool
C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\VMware Workstation\OVFTool
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware OVF Tool
c:\ovfs\my_vapp.ovf
c:\vms\my_vm.vmx
c:\VirtualMachines\MyVM.vmx
--noSSLVerify
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents\Virtual Machines\xenial\xenial.vmx" "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/xenial.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents\Virtual Machines\yakkety\yakkety.vmx" "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/yakkety.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/xenial.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/yakkety.ova"
shell> ovftool ubuntu-1604.vmwarevm/ubuntu-1604.vmx ~/Documents/ubuntu
shell> ovftool --acceptAllEulas ~/Documents/"Virtual Machines.localized/Windows 7 x64.vmwarevm/Windows 7 x64.vmx" ~/Documents/windows7.ova
shell> ovftool ~/Documents/ubuntu-1604.ova
Rename the OVF Package
shell> ovftool “Windows 7.ovf” win7.ovf
Converting a VMX File to an ESXi host
shell> ovftool /ovfs/my_vm.vmx vi://username:pass@my_esx_host
shell> ovftool package.ovf vi://my.esx-machine.example.com/
shell> ovftool package.ovf vi://username:[email protected]/
shell> ovftool -ds=datastore1 --net:nat="VM Network" ubuntu-1604.ova vi://[email protected]
shell> ovftool -ds=datastore2 --net:nat="VM Network" ubuntu-1604.ova vi://[email protected]
shell> chmod +x VMware-ovftool-4.0.0-2301625-lin.x86_64.bundle
shell> ovftool --help
參考網站：
shell> chmod +x VMware-VIX-1.13.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle
shell> ./VMware-VIX-1.13.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle
shell> /usr/local/bin/vmrun
shell> vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
shell> vmrun start "C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\WinXP\WinXP.vmx"
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"
shell> vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
shell> vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
shell> vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot
shell> vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
shell> vmrun list
shell> vmrun -T esx -h https://esx.example.com:8333/sdk -u root -p secretpw list
shell> vmrun -T ws reset /path/to/vm/RHEL4/RHEL4.vmx soft
shell> vmrun stop "C:\Documents and Settings\<user>\My Documents\My Virtual Machines\WinXP\WinXP.vmx"
shell> vmrun -T esx -h https://10.0.1.8/sdk -u root -p <pass> start "[storage1] WinXP/WinXP.vmx"
shell> vmrun -T fusion installTools RedHatEnt5/RedHatEnt5.vmx
shell> vmrun deleteVM "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx"
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe"
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu <user> runProgramInGuest WinXP\WinXP.vmx cmd.exe
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu <user> runProgramInGuest WinXP\WinXP.vmx -activeWindow cmd.exe
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu <user> runScriptInGuest Win2k\Win2k.vmx C:\perl\perl.exe C:\script.pl
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu <user> -gp <pass> runScriptInGuest Ubuntu/Ubuntu.vmx /bin/bash /home/<user>/runit
shell> vmrun -gu <user> -gp <pass> runProgramInGuest SUSE/SUSE.vmx /usr/bin/xclock -display :0
shell> vmrun -T ws -gu <user> -gp <pass> runProgramInGuest Ubuntu/Ubuntu.vmx /usr/bin/perl -e 'print "Hello World\n"'
shell> vmrun -gu <user> -gp <pass> CopyFileFromHostToGuest Ubuntu/Ubuntu.vmx
參考網站：
shell> /usr/bin/host_reboot.sh
shell> /usr/bin/host_shutdown.sh
Switch VMware Fusion to Full Screen View
Use the ⌘+Control+F keyboard shortcut to switch to Full Screen view.
VirtualMachineName
shell> smbiosDump
shell> esxcfg-info | less -I
參考網站：
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1003587
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/search.do?cmd=displayKC&docType=kc&docTypeID=DT_KB_1_1&externalId=2086454
shell> esxcfg-nics --list
shell> esxcfg-nics -l
shell> vsish
shell> vmware --version
VMware ESXi 5.0.0 build-469512
shell> vmware -v
shell> vmware --level
VMware ESXi 5.0.0 GA
shell> esxcfg-nics --list
shell> esxcfg-vswitch --list
shell> esxcfg-vmknic --list
shell> esxcfg-route --list
shell> esxcfg-route -l
shell> esxcfg-route -a default 192.168.1.151
shell> /sbin/powerOffVms
shell> /sbin/poweroff
shell> /bin/reboot
RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled = "TRUE"
RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "portnumber"
5901 to 6001
shell> sshpass -p 12345 ssh -l username remotehost "vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms"
shell> sshpass -p 12345 ssh -l username remotehost "esxcli vm process list"
Power-on Boot Delay
Power On to BIOS
.vmx
bios.forceSetupOnce = "TRUE"
bios.bootDelay = "xxxx"
Workstation 7.x and later
VM > Power > Power On to BIOS
參考網站：
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.fileName = "/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/packages/5.0.0/vmtools/linux.iso"
ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
ide1:0.startConnected = "TRUE"
ide1:0.fileName = "/vmfs/volumes/datastore1/isoimages/ubuntu/ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64.iso"
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
UseDNS no
Compression yes
shell> /etc/init.d/SSH restart
shell> vmkfstools -X 20GB srcDisk
shell> vmkfstools -extendvirtualdisk srcDisk
shell> vmkfstools -i srcDisk -d thin dstDisk
shell> esxcfg-nics -l
shell> esxcfg-vswitch -l
shell> vm-support -x
shell> ps | grep vmx
shell> esxtop
fusion-windows-create-virtual-machine captureScreen deleteVM
參考網站：
-------------- Example 1 --------------
-------------- Example 2 --------------
-------------- Example 3 --------------
datastore1
datastore2
examplevm
vmware-cmd -s unregister /vmfs/volumes/VMname/vm.vmx
vmware-cmd -s register /vmfs/volumes/VMname/vm.vmx
Fusion
ESXi/ESX
Player
Ubuntu 64-bit
Other
trusty 14.04 LTS
precise 12.04 LTS
xenial 16.04 LTS
yakkety 16.10
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents\Virtual Machines\xenial\xenial.vmx" "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/xenial.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents\Virtual Machines\yakkety\yakkety.vmx" "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/yakkety.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/xenial.ova"
shell> ovftool "%HOMEPATH%\Documents/yakkety.ova"
ubuntu
insecure
C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\My Virtual Machines
C:\Users\username\Documents\Virtual Machines
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\Shared Virtual Machines
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Shared Virtual Machines
/var/lib/vmware/Shared VMs
VMware OVF Tool for Windows 32-bit
VMware OVF Tool for Windows 64-bit
VMware OVF Tool for Linux 32-bit
VMware OVF Tool for Linux 64-bit
VMware OVF Tool for Mac OSX
參考網站：
Windows
Mac OS X
Linux
Android
shell> ifconfig | grep -A2 vmnet
vmnet1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:50:56:c0:00:01
inet 192.168.47.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.47.255
--
vmnet8: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:50:56:c0:00:08
inet 192.168.118.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.118.255
vmnet1（仅主机） vmnet8 (NAT)
參考網站：
shell> swapoff /dev/sdXY
shell> resize2fs /dev/sdXY
shell> mkswap /dev/sdXY
shell> swapon /dev/sdXY
ext4
參考網站：
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1007907
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2075729
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1004071
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2076593
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1006371
- https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=2075199
shell> esxcli system settings advanced set -o /Net/GuestIPHack -i 1
shell> cat <<EOF > /etc/vmware/firewall/vncServer.xml
<ConfigRoot>
<service>
<id>vncServer</id>
<rule id='0000'>
<direction>inbound</direction>
<protocol>tcp</protocol>
<porttype>dst</porttype>
<port>
<begin>5900</begin>
<end>5999</end>
</port>
</rule>
<enabled>true</enabled>
<required>false</required>
</service>
</ConfigRoot>
EOF
shell> esxcli network firewall refresh
shell> esxcli network firewall ruleset list
參考網站：
- https://www.netiq.com/documentation/cloudmanager22/ncm22_reference/data/bxzaz5n.html
- https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-Fusion/8.0/rn/fusion-858-release-notes.html
-locale en_US
"C:\Program Files (x86)\VMware\Infrastructure\Virtual Infrastructure Client\Launcher\VpxClient.exe" -locale en_US