shell> lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS
Release: 10.04
Codename: lucid
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS
Release: 12.04
Codename: precise
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 12.10
Release: 12.10
Codename: quantal
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
Release: 14.04
Codename: trusty
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
shell> lsb_release -si
Ubuntu
New release '14.04.3 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
New release '14.04.2 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
#Prompt=lts
Prompt=never
參考網站：
shell> sudo sed -i 's/Prompt=.*/Prompt=never/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
shell> sudo perl -pi -e 's/Prompt=.*/Prompt=never/' /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
shell> sudo rm /var/lib/update-notifier/release-upgrade-available
shell> sudo sed -i '/^/s/^/#/" /etc/apt/sources.list
shell> apt-get --version
shell> apt-get -o Acquire::ForceIPv4=true update
apt.conf
Acquire::ForceIPv4 "true";
Acquire
{
ForceIPv4 "true";
Proxy "http://dockerhost:3142";
};
Acquire::http
{
Proxy "http://dockerhost:3142";
};
參考網站：
Acquire::http::Timeout "10";
Acquire::ftp::Timeout "10";
shell> /etc/network/interfaces
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.254 8.8.8.8
dns-search foo.org bar.com
post-up arp -f
/etc/ethers
shell> vim /etc/ethers
90:94:e4:07:df:14 192.168.42.1
b8:27:eb:6e:88:a3 192.168.42.25
00:0c:29:b7:22:3c 192.168.42.31
00:0c:29:d1:41:b0 192.168.42.32
f0:b4:29:73:2d:05 192.168.42.56
00:10:18:03:92:7a 192.168.42.200
00:0e:38:5e:f3:c0 192.168.42.253
vlan
shell> modprobe 8021q
shell> apt-get install vlan
shell> vconfig add eth0 222 # 222 vlan-id
shell> ifconfig eth0.222 up
shell> ifconfig eth0.222 192.168.2.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
shell> ip addr add 192.168.2.3/24 dev eth0.222
shell> /etc/modules
8021q
auto eth0.222
iface eth0.222 inet static
vlan-raw-device eth0
address 192.168.2.3
netmask 255.255.255.0
shell> vconfig rem eth0.222
shell> vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[...]
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
shell> sysctl --system
shell> reboot
shell> vim /etc/default/grub
[...]
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="ipv6.disable=1"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
[...]
shell> update-grub
shell> reboot
shell> grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
shell> cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
shell> cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
shell> cat /proc/sys/fs/inode-nr
unattended-upgrades
shell> apt-get install unattended-upgrades
shell> dpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades
shell> dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
參考網站：
- automatic-updates
- dpkg-reconfigure
- http://docs.openstack.org/icehouse/install-guide/install/apt-debian/content/debian_packages.html
shell> apt-get install lvm2
shell> pvscan
F6
#System language
lang en_US
#Language modules to install
langsupport en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#System timezone
#timezone America/New_York
timezone Asia/Taipei
#Root password
rootpw --disabled
#Initial user (user with sudo capabilities)
user ubuntu --fullname "Ubuntu User" --password root4me2
#Reboot after installation
reboot
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Installation media
cdrom
#nfs --server=server.com --dir=/path/to/ubuntu/
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr yes
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Basic disk partition
part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --asprimary
part swap --size 1024
part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 256 --asprimary
#Advanced partition
#part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500 --asprimary
#part pv.aQcByA-UM0N-siuB-Y96L-rmd3-n6vz-NMo8Vr --grow --size=1
#volgroup vg_mygroup --pesize=4096 pv.aQcByA-UM0N-siuB-Y96L-rmd3-n6vz-NMo8Vr
#logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg_mygroup --grow --size=10240 --maxsize=20480
#logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg_mygroup --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=8192
#System authorization infomation
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
#Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled --trust=eth0 --ssh
#Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
user joe --fullname "Joe User" --password iamjoe
ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg
ks=floppy
ks=nfs:<server>:/<path>
ks=http://<server>/<path>
ks=floppy:/<path>
ks=cdrom:/<path>
參考網站：
linux ks=floppy
參考網站：
shell> apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0
shell> uname -m
x86_64
shell> debconf-set-selections
shell> debconf-get-selections
free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system
shell> free -b
shell> free -m
shell> free -g
shell> free -t
shell> free -s 1
shell> free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 500308 54208 117568 6612 328532 416220
Swap: 0 0 0
free = total - used - buff/cache
117568 = 500308 - 54208 - 328532
free + buff/cache = total - used
117568 + 328532 = 500308 - 54208
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 4049592 1044268 3005324 0 55864 768244
-/+ buffers/cache: 220160 3829432
Swap: 2095100 0 2095100
used - (buffers + cached)
1044268 - (55864 + 768244) = 220160
free + buffers + cached
3005324 + 55864 + 768244 = 3829432
shell> cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 500308 kB
MemFree: 117504 kB
MemAvailable: 416268 kB
Buffers: 87608 kB
Cached: 177412 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 204196 kB
Inactive: 95904 kB
Active(anon): 35640 kB
Inactive(anon): 6052 kB
Active(file): 168556 kB
Inactive(file): 89852 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 35108 kB
Mapped: 16312 kB
Shmem: 6612 kB
Slab: 63628 kB
SReclaimable: 50892 kB
SUnreclaim: 12736 kB
KernelStack: 1904 kB
PageTables: 3444 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 250152 kB
Committed_AS: 141116 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 0 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 77816 kB
DirectMap2M: 446464 kB
DirectMap1G: 0 kB
shell> tracepath amazon.com
shell> sudo sed -i -e 's/us.archive.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
shell> sudo sed -i -e 's/security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
shell> sudo sed -i -e 's/us.archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
shell> do-release-upgrade
參考網站：
- http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/
- http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/
- http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
shell> dhclient -r eth0
shell> dhclient eth0
hostnamectl - Control the system hostname
shell> hostnamectl status
shell> hostnamectl set-hostname name
Description: Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
參考網站：
shell> ls --quoting-style=shell